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Web Site Design: More Than Meets the Eye

Purpose
One of the first things your Web designer will do is ask you
what you want to display on your site. This information will help
you explain your concept. Take a few minutes right now to sketch
out your thoughts on paper. First you need to answer these
questions: Why do you want to have a Web site and what do you hope
to achieve?
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Everybody's doing it. The World Wide Web is hot.
Everybody is getting a Web presence. I should do it, too, or be
left behind.
Image. We want potential customers to learn about our
company, and gain a favorable impression of us.
Prospect List. We want to develop a qualified list of
prospects for our products and services.
Sales. We want to sell products directly from our Web
pages.Other. Other reasons (write them down).
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Begin with patience and take the long-term view. Your business
results from the World Wide Web may not make much of an impact right
away. Be ready for success, but realize that some products and
services don't lend themselves to this medium. Find out how similar
types of businesses are using the World Wide Web and check out my
tutorial on "Why
the Web" for demographics and other reasons to get on-line
NOW.

Site Title and Domain Name
Now you need to determine the Title for your Web site. The
Title is what is displayed in the Title Bar of your Web Browser and
what your site is listed as in most search engines and directories.
You may want to use your existing business name, but your Web site
focus may be different than your organization name implies. Look
for a name that is descriptive, unique, short, and memorable. You
might also want to check out my Tutorial on "Web
Site Promotion" for more information on selecting your Title.
Now give some thought to your domain name. Your domain name is
like your address -- it's what people will type to get to your home
on the Web. You need to select a domain name that is related to
your site name, or your business name if possible. You can find out
which names are still available by trying your proposed domain name
at the InterNIC "whois" interface (http://www.rs.internic.net/cgi-bin/whois/).
You may have to try several variations until you find one that's
not taken. InterNIC charges $100 to cover the first two years, and
then $50 per year thereafter for your domain name. Your Internet
Service Provider may charge you a bit more setting this up for you.
You need to plan on four weeks lead time to register a domain name,
so get started with that right away if you're going to do it.
Another possibility is to use the existing domain of your ISP,
something like "www.yourISP.com/mysite". This may work for you
and won't cost you anything additional, it just doesn't have the
"prestige" of your own domain name. A third, often overlooked,
option is to get a "sub-domain" from the .US domain system.
It's generally free (but check with your ISP) and is in the form
"mysite.yourcity.yourstate.us" but you may have to do the legwork
yourself. Check
http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1480.txt for .US domain
information.

Outline of Sections
Your web site will have several main sections, each of these
sections can be either a single page or a group of linked pages.
All Web sites need to have the first three listed below, add other
sections as appropriate to your needs.
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Home Page. I like to think of it as your "storefront"
on the World Wide Web marketplace. It provides a table of
contents to the set of pages that describe your business or
organization. It also acts as a "Splash" page and needs
to load fast and grab the attention of your viewer quickly.
Product/Services Information. With photos and text
describe the benefits to your customers of your goods and/or
services. You can also show features, applications, or
examples. Use a major branch for each major product line.
You can also use your Web pages as a catalog, which you can
update easily, inexpensively, and often.
Order Form/Feedback. This will include a form which
e-mail's your customer's information to you. It should also
include a way for the viewer to contact you with feedback about
the site and provide you with a way of qualifying potential
customers or clients. This is the most interactive page on your
site and the most important to your business. This is where
you'll conduct surveys, contests, and use other marketing
devices to get your customer's business.
About Your Organization/Mission Statement. This section
may include a vision or mission statement, history of your
business or organization, a philosophy of how you do business,
etc. Sell the customer on why he or she should do business with
you rather than with your competitor.
Technical Support/Free Info. Some businesses find it
useful to provide technical information, specifications,
frequently asked questions, parts lists and diagrams,
troubleshooting decision trees, etc. It could also be news of
your industry, of a related field, or something unique or
interesting. This is free information of interest to
your potential customers that will keep them coming back to your
site for updates. Give some thought to what service your Web
pages will provide to draw customers to your "storefront"
again and again. |
Length of Page
If you have lots of information you need to choose between long
or multiple short pages:
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Long Pages. Long pages are useful if you expect people
to print out or download your pages for future reference
off-line (like this document, for example). You can index these
to internal bookmarks, called "anchors", to help your
customers find their way to needed information. The drawback is
that long pages of more than 35K may take too long to download
for your customers to wait for. Also Web-TV users don't
understand the concept of scrolling very well.
Short Pages. Here your index links jump to many shorter
pages of two or three screens (the amount you can see on your
computer screen) that treat just one subject each. They load
fast and viewers don't have to scroll up and down as much
(important for Web TV users as well), but your viewers' wont
want to download or print out 10 different pages. You can
always give them a choice to download a "paginated"
version already for printing (or off-line viewing). |

Basic Page Elements
Here are the elements that you want to include on every page:
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Page Title. The text that displays at the top line of
your viewer's Web browser is very important because it is used
by search engines and directories to identify your page. It's
also used as the clickable part of your viewer's "bookmark"
of your page. Make this descriptive, using key words that
people might use to find your page.
Top-Of-Page Graphic. A graphic logo at the top of each
of your pages helps unify your Web pages. You can use a smaller
version of your business logo, or perhaps a band at the top of
the page with your company name and a small graphic. Call this
something like "logo.gif". That way if you want to
change it, you don't have to alter every page, just upload a new
image with that name.
Page Background. Textured and colored backgrounds are
proliferating on the Web. They can unify your pages. This is
like the tiled wallpaper used on your computer's desktop. I
call this something like "bg.gif" so it can be changed
easily. Alternatively, you can specify an RGB color for the
background. Both texture and color will make your site special,
but you have to be careful that your text is easily readable
when you're finished. Many Web sites today use a simple white
background for readability by most Web browser and monitor
configurations.
Headings. Decide what the heading (and sub-heads) will
look like on these pages and use them consistently. Start by
creating an outline (down to 3 levels or so) of your content and
then decide if you want a "Centered" look or
"Flush-Left" (or Right).
Body Text and Photos. Decide where you want to place the
text and photos -- you could have a layout where all the photos
are on the left (or right) and the text opposite, you could
alternate the photos with the text or you can have both centered
one below the other. Check out some magazines and newspapers
for ideas.
Navigation. You need to have Navigation elements that
will allow your customer to jump to another section of your Web
site (or page, if it's a long one). Most common is a "Home",
"Next (or Previous) Page", or "Top of Page" clickable element,
either using "clickable images", "buttons", or text. You may
want some sort of Navigation Bar if your site has a lot of pages
and maybe a "Site Map", which is just an outline of the pages on
your site.
Links. Links to other pages and sites on the Web that
your viewer might be interested in. Remember, though, you've
just gotten your customer in your store so don't send him away
until he's read your message. Don't show your viewer other cool
sites until you've gotten his name, address, and hopefully his
order. That's what the purpose of your site is: business.
Signature and Copyright. Sign your pages so the author
is apparent (e.g., Designed by A. Webdesigner) and don't forget
to link it to a "mail to" form which allows him or her to
send you e-mail and feedback on the site. Also add a Copyright
line to prove ownership of the page and the elements on it.
This, and the next two elements should be in the "Footer"
section of the page.
Last Update. If your site's information changes
frequently, an update date is helpful. If the content doesn't
change much, don't use the "Last Updated" tag or the site will
look as if it's abandoned.
URL. You don't have to include this, but consider
including a line like "URL: http://www.yourname.com/thispage.html".
That way if they print the page they'll know how to get back to
your Web site. |
Other Page Elements
These page elements help to organize information, grab your viewers'
attention and generally "jazz up" your Web site.
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Horizontal Rules. These don't take any extra time to
download. They can be varied in length and width and set off
different sections of a page. Use them to set off the top-level
Heading at the top of the page and the Footer at the bottom from
the rest of the Body Text.
Graphic Rules and Lines. These take a few seconds to
load, but can spice up your page, especially if they are
coordinated with the color scheme you have designed. They can
be applied either horizontally (Rules) or vertically (Lines)
down one side or to separate two columns.
List Elements. List elements allow you to create a
variety of listing types and outlines. You can create bulleted
lists, numbered lists, definition lists(like a dictionary), and
menus (like a table-of- contents.)
Graphic Bullets. Colored balls, arrows, and pointers are
also available for use on your pages. A little color goes a
long way so use complementary colors for all your graphic
elements.
Graphic Icons. Draw your customers' attention to items
you may have added recently. How about "New", "Updated", "Sale"
or "Special" icons.
Tables. Use Tables to present tabular information on
your page. You can have either bordered or no-border tables.
Table Headings and Captions can also be added. |

Forms: Getting Orders and
Customer Feedback
CGI Forms are the method most used to return
information from your customer to you by e-mail. If you're serious
about selling directly on the Internet, invest in the extra cost of
putting your pages on a SSL-compatible server, such as the Netscape
Secure Commerce Server, which encrypts the information like
credit-card info and other potentially sensitive information your
viewer may give you. Perception is the real issue here, not
stealing of information as it's generally much safer to give out
information on the 'Net than to give your credit card to a
restaurant employee. Here are some of the common uses of on-line
forms:
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Guest books. You can entice potential customers to sign
your guest book and perhaps receive a free gift. Their answers
to key questions help you qualify them as a prospect to pursue
by telephone or direct mail (or e-mail, for that matter).
Requests for Information. Have a place for name,
address, phone number, etc., as well as check boxes to request
information on certain products or services. This can be an
"auto responder" that automatically sends information you've
uploaded to your Web site when the client clicks on a button on
your Web page.
Order Forms. Ideally, you take the order right on-line.
Since people are still concerned with security of their credit
card information on the Internet, consider using a combination
of an order form and an 800 number. Former customers could
order on the basis of credit information they have previously
given you, or you could have a page that contains an order form
your customer can print out, fill out manually, and mail in with
a check.
Shopping Carts. If you are selling a number of products
directly over the Internet, you probably ought to invest in
"shopping cart" software, so people can put multiple items
in their "cart" from any number of product pages. Upon
"checkout," they have a total of their items, as well as
tax (if any) and shipping charges included. |
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